Good performance appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Great execution evaluation - Essay Example Therefore, a few businesses utilize unadulterated target measures for laborers with passage level or tedious occupations. Execution, along these lines, is an element of executing (or not executing) some particular undertaking (Boxall and Purcell, 2003, p. 14). Nonetheless, a few occupations, for example, those of lawyers and information examiners can't be estimated without any problem. Accordingly, managers will recognize estimation classes †for instance, collaboration, client support or demonstrable skill. Survivors offer a numeric score, which speaks to the employer’s saw component of order, yet the inquiry whether a rating is right involves translation. Target measures are viable in circumstances where every specialist can be surveyed legitimately and their presentation contrasted and that of another laborer. Be that as it may, target estimates are incapable where bosses distil modern procedures into basic scores, which may not be significant in actuality (Pauwe and Boselie, 2005, p. 80). Emotional measures are successful at permitting chiefs to practice judgment over a worker’s execution in refined frameworks. Notwithstanding, if the specialist/boss relationship is stressed, laborers may see negative appraisals as either uncalled for or reformatory (Stiles et al., 1997, p. 59). A few bosses utilize a half and half arrangement of assessment †a few measures are emotional, and some are objective (Pauwe and Boselie, 2005, p. 74). Since there is no absolutely right method of execution examination, supervisors ought to create frameworks of appraisal that coordinate the principles of the businesses where they work and commonplace representative works (Pauwe and Boselie, 2005, p. 77). For example, an organization taking part in the offer of mobile phones may quantify the total of dollars sold by the salesman and give them a score dependent on whether they accomplished certain objectives. Then again, a showcasing office may get input from the customers

Innovative Designs with Traditional Marketing

1. Distinguish three statements from the discourse that show how Bryce advanced in morally recognizing his feelings. The main statement from the exchange shows how Bryce advanced in morally distinguishing his feelings is â€Å"After a time of applying, talking with, paying some dues, I at last acknowledged nothing I did made a difference. I just couldn’t take another dismissal. The primary concern is, nobody needs me.† The second statement that shows how Bryce advanced in morally recognizing his feelings is â€Å"I don’t know. I figure they may leave me. We’ve go through our investment funds. We’re behind on the home loan. I’m going to lose everything. I feel awful, yet I can’t take care of it.† The third statement that shows how Bryce advanced in morally distinguishing his feelings is â€Å"Really? What did you do? That is to say, I realize you moved away.† See more: how to begin an account article 2. Distinguish and clarify, utilizing ideas from the content, at any rate one case of an impediment to conveying feelings in the situation. One case of a snag to imparting feelings in the circumstance is self-assurance. Bryce expressed that he hasn’t need to converse with anybody in some time which can be a sign that he might not have any desire to communicate his emotions, in dread of others having data that could influence how they see or act towards him. (Wood, 178) 3. Distinguish and clarify in any event two instances of silly convictions that Bryce holds. Two instances of nonsensical convictions that Bryce holds from the discourse would be the point at which he states â€Å"The main concern is, nobody needs me.† And â€Å"I feel awful, however I can’t take care of it.† I feel that these convictions are unreasonable on the grounds that they are false, however Bryce accepts they are. He feels that nobody needs him, however the case might be that anoth er person may have been a superior fit for the situation rather than him. This doesn't imply that he was not similarly as qualified as the following candidate. Bryce expressed that he quit searching for occupations around a half year back, yet on the off chance that he would have stayed committed, he may have run into a vocation by at that point. He expressed that he can’t take care of this yet honestly, he could have still kept on looking for occupations as opposed to kicking back and sitting idle. 4. Clarify, utilizing ideas from the content, how Bryce could utilize surface acting and profound acting to all the more likely adjust his feelings and conduct to the necessities of his pursuit of employment. Despite the fact that Bryce feels that discovering business is miserable, his non-verbal communication and facialâ expressions will show that. Bryce needs to figure out how to viably control his outward appearance since it will profit his pursuit of employment. An uplifting disposition consistently helps increase wanted outcomes. Demonstrating an outward appearance of drive and assurance to pick up business will be more useful than his vanquished mentality. Bryce could likewise adjust his feelings and conduct to the requirements of his pursuit of employment by controlling his sentiments of sadness and thrashing. He ought to discover that by having these sentiments, he is now reducing his odds to deliver the ideal outcomes that he is searching for. 5. In light of the textbook’s rules for conveying feelings successfully (p.182†187), recognize and clarify at any rate three moral methodologies Bryce could use to improve his relational correspondence in this circumstance. One methodology that Bryce could use to improve his relational correspondence in this circumstance is distinguishing his feelings. The content expresses that â€Å"recognizing the presence of the two sentiments permits you to check out yourself and to impart precisely to others what you are experiencing.† (Wood, 182) Bryce needs to isolate his sentiments of sadness and the way that he feels that nobody needs him. Another methodology that he can utilize is picking whether or how to communicate feelings. Bryce is by all accounts flighty with regards to his emotions toward getting a new line of work. When he can really figure out where his disappointment lies and not let it devour and debilitate him, he would then be able to choose to or not to convey his feelings so as to keep them hidden. Ultimately, he can likewise utilize the technique of checking self-talk. This would be useful to Bryce in light of the fact that he can convince himself to have an increasingly inspirational viewpoint in regards to his pursuit of employment, He won’t feel so low whenever he is turned down for an opening for work since he will have trained himself to continue looking and proceed with his drive. Wood, J. (2012). Relational correspondence: Everyday experiences. Boston, MA: Wadsworth.

How to Write a Summary of an Essay

How to Write a Summary of an EssayYou may be wondering how to write a summary of an essay when you have many different choices. You could use a conventional writer; the professional who has been around for so long, the one who works out of a large corporation or who usually writes in their native language.But if you can't find anyone that suits your needs, you might want to consider writing your own summary, since this will allow you to choose the style of the conclusion portion of your essay. It also will allow you to tailor the body of your essay to fit the summary of your work.To do this, you must decide what you would like to title your summary; do you want it to be 'summary of my essay'summary of my topic'? If you chose the former, you can add this to the beginning of your essay and change the title to 'Summary of my Topic.' In this case, you would only need to create the conclusion portion of your essay.If you choose the latter, you can place this information within the text bo x, at the end of your essay. This will allow you to include all of the points that are pertinent to your thesis statement. And in many cases, this will be enough to complete your text box; your work will read much better.You can find these types of essays online, or you can even customize them to suit your own personal needs. When you are writing your own essay, you will want to ensure that it stands out from all of the others in your field.So, you have decided to focus on this area of writing. But before you begin, you need to figure out where you are going to begin and what theme you will be going with. This is the first step toward choosing a style for your summary.One of the most important factors in this process is making sure that your writing is easy to read. Try to break down the content into short sentences and short paragraphs. Avoid using large blocks of text, as this will keep the reader from reading what you want them to.And finally, no matter how you choose to write yo ur summary of an essay, make sure that you actually learn something from your work. Even if you are not going to submit your writing for publication, it can give you insight about the way you write and help you work on your own style.

History of Women Inventors Who Filed Patents

Before the 1970s, the topic of women in history was largely missing from general public consciousness. To address this situation, the Education Task Force on the Status of Women initiated a Womens History Week celebration in 1978 and chose the week of March 8 to coincide with International Womens Day. In 1987, the National Womens History Project petitioned Congress to expand the celebration to the entire month of March. Since then, the National Womens History Month Resolution has been approved every year with bipartisan support in both the House and Senate. The First Woman to File an American Patent In 1809, Mary Dixon Kies received the first U. S. patent issued to a woman. Kies, a Connecticut native, invented a process for weaving straw with silk or thread. First Lady Dolley Madison praised her for boosting the nations hat industry. Unfortunately, the patent file was destroyed in the great Patent Office fire in 1836. Until about 1840, only 20 other patents were issued to women. The inventions related to apparel, tools, cook stoves, and fireplaces. Naval Inventions In 1845, Sarah Mather received a patent for the invention of a submarine telescope and lamp. This was a remarkable device that permitted sea-going vessels to survey the depths of the ocean. Martha Coston perfected then patented her deceased husbands idea for a pyrotechnic flare. Costons husband, a former naval scientist, died leaving behind only a rough sketch in a diary of plans for the flares. Martha developed the idea into an elaborate system of flares called Night Signals that allowed ships to communicate messages nocturnally. The U. S. Navy bought the patent rights to the flares. Costons flares served as the basis of a system of communication that helped to save lives and to win battles. Martha credited her late husband with the first patent for the flares, but in 1871 she received a patent for an improvement exclusively her own. Paper Bags Margaret Knight was born in 1838. She received her first patent at the age of 30, but inventing was always part of her life. Margaret or Mattie as she was called in her childhood, made sleds and kites for her brothers while growing up in Maine. When she was just 12 years old, she had an idea for a stop-motion device that could be used in textile mills to shut down machinery, preventing workers from being injured. Knight eventually received some 26 patents. Her machine that made flat-bottomed paper bags is still used to this very day! 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exposition The 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exposition was a World Fair-like event held to celebrate the amazing progress of the century-old United States of America. The leaders of early feminist and womens suffrage movements had to aggressively lobby for the inclusion of a womans department in the exposition. After some firm pressing, the Centennial Womens Executive Committee was established, and a separate Womans Pavilion erected. Scores of women inventors either with patents or with patents pending displayed their inventions. Among them was Mary Potts and her invention Mrs. Potts Cold Handle Sad Iron patented in 1870. Chicagos Columbian Exposition in 1893 also included a Womans Building. A unique safety elevator invented by multi-patent holder Harriet Tracy and a device for lifting and transporting invalids invented by Sarah Sands were among the many items featured at this event. Traditionally womens undergarments consisted of brutally tight corsets meant to shape womens waists into unnaturally small forms. Some suggested that the reason women seemed so fragile, expected to faint at any time, was because their corsets prohibited proper breathing. Enlightened womens groups throughout the nation resoundingly agreed that less restrictive underclothing was in order. Susan Taylor Converses one-piece flannel Emancipation Suit, patented August 3, 1875, eliminated the need for a suffocating corset and became an immediate success. A number of womens groups lobbied for Converse to give up the 25-cent royalty she received on each Emancipation Suit sold, an effort that she rejected. Linking the emancipation of women from constrictive undergarments to her own freedom to profit from her intellectual property, Converse responded: With all your zeal for womens rights, how could you even suggest that one woman like myself should give of her head and hand labor without fair compensation? Perhaps its a no-brainer that women inventors should turn their minds to making better the things that often concern women the most. The Ultimate Home The ultimate convenience invention must certainly be woman inventor Frances Gabe’s self-cleaning house. The house, a combination of some 68 time-, labor-, and space-saving mechanisms, makes the concept of housework obsolete. Each of the rooms in the termite-proof, cinder block constructed, the self-cleaning house is fitted with a 10-inch, ceiling-mounted cleaning/drying/heating/cooling device. The walls, ceilings, and floors of the house are covered with resin, a liquid that becomes water-proof when hardened. The furniture is made of a water-proof composition, and there are no dust-collecting carpets anywhere in the house. At the push of a sequence of buttons, jets of soapy water wash the entire room. Then, after a rinse, the blower dries up any remaining water that hasn’t run down the sloping floors into a waiting drain. The sink, shower, toilet, and bathtub all clean themselves. The bookshelves dust themselves while a drain in the fireplace carries away ashes. The clothes closet is also a washer/drier combination. The kitchen cabinet is also a dishwasher; simply pile in soiled dishes, and don’t bother taking them out until they are needed again. Not only is the house of practical appeal to overworked homeowners, but also to physically handicapped people and the elderly. Frances Gabe (or Frances G. Bateson) was born in 1915 and now resides comfortably in Newberg, Oregon in the prototype of her self-cleaning house. Gabe gained experience in housing design and construction at an early age from working with her architect father. She entered the Girl’s Polytechnic College in Portland, Oregon at age 14 finishing a four-year program in just two years. After World War II, Gabe with her electrical engineer husband started a building repairs business that she ran for more than 45 years. In addition to her building/inventing credits, Frances Gabe is also an accomplished artist, musician, and mother. Fashion Forward Fashion designer Gabriele Knecht realized something that clothes makers were neglecting in their clothing designs—that our arms come out of our sides in a slightly forward direction, and we work them in front of our bodies. Knecht’s patented Forward Sleeve design is based on this observation. It lets the arms move freely without shifting the whole garment and allows clothes to drape gracefully on the body. Knecht was born in Germany in 1938 and came to America when she was 10 years old. She studied fashion design, and in 1960, received a bachelor of fine arts degree from Washington University in St. Louis. Knecht also took courses in physics, cosmology, and other areas of science that may seem unrelated to the fashion industry. Her broadened knowledge, however, helped her understand shapes and methods of pattern design. In 10 years she filled 20 notebooks with sketches, analyzed all the angles that sleeves can take, and made 300 experimental patterns and garments. Although Knecht had been a successful designer for several New York companies, she felt she had more creative potential. Struggling to start her own business, Knecht met a buyer from Saks Fifth Avenue department store who liked Knecht’s designs. Soon she was creating them exclusively for the store, and they sold well. In 1984 Knecht received the first annual More Award for the best new designer of women’s fashions. Carol Wior is the woman inventor of the Slimsuit, a swimsuit guaranteed to take an inch or more off the waist or tummy and to look natural. The secret to a slimmer look in the inner lining that shapes the body in specific areas, hiding bulges and giving a smooth, firm appearance. The Slimsuit comes with a tape measure to prove the claim. Wior was already a successful designer when she envisioned the new swimsuit. While on vacation in Hawaii, she always seemed to be pulling and tugging on her swimsuit to try to get it to cover properly, all the while trying to hold in her stomach. She realized other women were just as uncomfortable and began to think of ways to make a better swimsuit. Two years and a hundred trail patterns later, Wior achieved the design she wanted. Wior began her designing career at only 22 years old in her parents garage in Arcadia, California. With $77 and three sewing machines bought at auction, she made classic, elegant but affordable dresses and delivered them to her customers in an old milk truck. Soon she was selling to major retail stores and was quickly building a multi-million dollar business. At age 23, she was one of the youngest fashion entrepreneurs in Los Angeles. Protecting the Children When Ann Moore was a Peace Corps volunteer, she observed mothers in French West Africa carrying their babies securely on their backs. She admired the bonding between the African mother and child and wanted the same closeness when she returned home and had her own baby. Moore and her mother designed a carrier for Moores daughter similar to those she saw in Togo. Ann Moore and her husband formed a company to make and market the carrier, called the Snugli (patented in 1969). Today babies all over the world are being carried close to their mothers and fathers. In 1912, the beautiful soprano opera singer and actress of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Lillian Russell, patented a combination dresser-trunk built solidly enough to remain intact during travel and doubled as a portable dressing room. Silver Screen superstar Hedy Lamarr (Hedwig Kiesler Markey) with the help of composer George Antheil invented a secret communication system in an effort to help the allies defeat the Germans in World War II. The invention, patented in 1941, manipulated radio frequencies between transmission and reception to develop an unbreakable code so that top-secret messages could not be intercepted. Julie Newmar, a living Hollywood film and television legend, is a women inventor. The former Catwoman patented ultra-sheer, ultra-snug pantyhose. Known for her work in films such as Seven Brides for Seven Brothers and Slaves of Babylon, Newmar has also appeared recently in Fox Televisions Melrose Place and the hit feature-film To Wong Fu, Thanks for Everything, Love Julie Newmar. Ruffles, fluted collars, and pleats were very popular in Victorian-era clothing. Susan Knoxs fluting iron made pressing the embellishments easier. The trademark featured the inventors picture and appeared on each iron. Women have made many contributions to advance the fields of science and engineering. Nobel Prize Winner Katherine Blodgett (1898-1979) was a woman of many firsts. She was the first female scientist hired by General Electric’s Research Laboratory in Schenectady, New York (1917) as well as the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in Physics from Cambridge University (1926). Blodgett’s research on monomolecular coatings with Nobel Prize-winning Dr. Irving Langmuir led her to a revolutionary discovery. She discovered a way to apply the coatings layer by layer to glass and metal. The thin films, which naturally reduced glare on reflective surfaces, when layered to a certain thickness, would completely cancel out the reflection from the surface underneath. This resulted in the world’s first 100% transparent or invisible glass. Blodgett’s patented film and process (1938) has been used for many purposes including limiting distortion in eyeglasses, microscopes, telescopes, camera, and projector lenses. Programming Computers Grace Hopper (1906-1992) was one of the first programmers to transform large digital computers from oversized calculators into relatively intelligent machines capable of understanding human instructions. Hopper developed a common language with which computers could communicate called Common Business-Oriented Language or COBOL, now the most widely used computer business language in the world. In addition to many other firsts, Hopper was the first woman to graduate from Yale University with a Ph.D. in Mathematics, and in 1985, was the first woman ever to reach the rank of admiral in the US Navy. Hopper’s work was never patented; her contributions were made before computer software technology was even considered a patentable field. Invention of Kevlar Stephanie Louise Kwolek’s research with high-performance chemical compounds for the DuPont Company led to the development of a synthetic material called Kevlar which is five times stronger than the same weight of steel. Kevlar, patented by Kwolek in 1966, does not rust nor corrode and is extremely lightweight. Many police officers owe their lives to Stephanie Kwolek, for Kevlar is the material used in bulletproof vests. Other applications of the compound include underwater cables, brake linings, space vehicles, boats, parachutes, skis, and building materials. Kwolek was born in New Kensington, Pennsylvania in 1923. Upon graduating in 1946 from the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie-Mellon University) with a bachelor’s degree, Kwolek went to work as a chemist at the DuPont Company. She would ultimately obtain 28 patents during her 40-year tenure as a research scientist. In 1995, Kwolek was inducted into the Hall of Fame. Inventors NASA Valerie Thomas received a patent in 1980 for inventing an illusion transmitter. This futuristic invention extends the idea of television, with its images located flatly behind a screen, to having three-dimensional projections appear as though they were right in your living room. Perhaps in the not-so-distant future, the illusion transmitter will be as popular as the TV is today. Thomas worked as a mathematical data analyst for NASA after receiving a degree in physics. She later served as project manager for the development of NASA’s image-processing system on Landsat, the first satellite to send images from outer space. In addition to having worked on several other high-profile NASA projects, Thomas continues to be an outspoken advocate for minority rights. Barbara Askins, a former teacher, and mother, who waited until after her two children entered school to complete her B. S. in chemistry followed by a Master’s degree in the same field, developed a totally new way of processing film. Askins was hired in 1975 by NASA to find a better way to develop astronomical and geological pictures taken by researchers. Until Askins’ discovery, these images, while containing valuable information, were hardly visible. In 1978 Askins patented a method of enhancing the pictures using radioactive materials. The process was so successful that its uses were expanded beyond NASA research to improvements in X-ray technology and in the restoration of old pictures. Barbara Askins was named National Inventor of the Year in 1978. Ellen Ochoa’s pre-doctoral work at Stanford University in electrical engineering led to the development of an optical system designed to detect imperfections in repeating patterns. This invention, patented in 1987, can be used for quality control in the manufacturing of various intricate parts. Dr. Ochoa later patented an optical system which can be used to robotically manufacture goods or in robotic guiding systems. In all Ellen Ochoa has received three patents, most recently in 1990. In addition to being a woman inventor, Dr. Ochoa is also a research scientist and astronaut for NASA who has logged hundreds of hours in space. Inventing Geobond Patricia Billings received a patent in 1997 for a fire resistant building material called Geobond. Billings’ work as a sculpture artist put her on a journey to find or develop a durable additive to prevent her painstaking plaster works from accidentally falling and shattering. After nearly two decades of basement experiments, the result of her efforts was a solution which when added to a mixture of gypsum and concrete, creates an amazingly fire resistant, indestructible plaster. Not only can Geobond add longevity to artistic works of plastic, but also it is steadily being embraced by the construction industry as an almost universal building material. Geobond is made with non-toxic ingredients which make it the ideal replacement for asbestos. Currently, Geobond is being sold in more than 20 markets worldwide, and Patricia Billings, great grandmother, artist, and woman inventor remains at the helm of her carefully constructed Kansas City-based empire. Women care and women care as inventors. Many female inventors have turned their skills on finding ways to save lives. Invention of Nystatin As researchers for the New York Department of Health, Elizabeth Lee Hazen and Rachel Brown combined their efforts to develop the anti-fungal antibiotic drug Nystatin. The drug, patented in 1957 was used to cure many disfiguring, disabling fungal infections as well as to balance the effect of many antibacterial drugs. In addition to human ailments, the drug has been used to treat such problems as Dutch Elms disease and to restore water-damaged artwork from the effects of mold. The two scientists donated the royalties from their invention, over $13 million dollars, to the nonprofit Research Corporation for the advancement of academic scientific study. Hazen and Brown were inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1994. Fighting Disease Gertrude Elion patented the leukemia-fighting drug 6-mercaptopurine in 1954 and has made a number of significant contributions to the medical field. Dr. Elions research led to the development of Imuran, a drug that aids the body in accepting transplanted organs, and Zovirax, a drug used to fight herpes. Including 6-mercaptopurine, Elions name is attached to some 45 patents. In 1988 she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine with George Hitchings and Sir James Black. In retirement, Dr. Elion, who was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1991, continues to be an advocate for medical and scientific advancement. Stem Cell Research Ann Tsukamoto is co-patenter of a process to isolate the human stem cell; the patent for this process was awarded in 1991. Stem cells are located in bone marrow and serve as the foundation for the growth of red and white blood cells. Understanding how stem cells grow or how they might be artificially reproduced is vital to cancer research. Tsukamotos work has led to great advancements in comprehending the blood systems of cancer patients and may one day lead to a cure for the disease. She is currently directing further research in the areas of stem cell growth and cellular biology. Patient Comfort Betty Rozier and Lisa Vallino, a mother and daughter team, invented an intravenous catheter shield to make the use of IVs in hospitals safer and easier. The computer-mouse shaped, polyethylene shield covers the site on a patient where an intravenous needle has been inserted. The IV House prevents the needle from being accidentally dislodged and minimizes its exposure to patient tampering. Rozier and Vallino received their patent in 1993. After fighting breast cancer and undergoing a mastectomy in 1970, Ruth Handler, one of the creators of the Barbie Doll, surveyed the market for a suitable prosthetic breast. Disappointed in the options available, she set about designing a replacement breast that was more similar to a natural one. In 1975, Handler received a patent for Nearly Me, a prosthesis made of material close in weight and density to natural breasts.

Critical Analysis - 1135 Words

BUS2235 Organizational Dynamics Critical Analysis #4 Ingvar Kamprad: Wealthy Man, Frugal Man, Entrepreneur Extraordinaire Although octogenarian Ingvar Kamprad, the founder of Swedish-based IKEA, is one of the wealthiest individuals in the world, he nonetheless lives quite frugally. Kamprad avoids wearing suits, flies economy class, takes the subway to work, drives a ten-year-old Volvo and frequents inexpensive restaurants. â€Å"It has long been rumored in Sweden that when his self-discipline fails and he drinks an overpriced Coke out of a hotel minibar, he will go to a grocery store to buy a replacement.† Kamprad was â€Å"born in Smà ¥land in the south of Sweden a region known as home to many entrepreneurs and hard-working people, who are†¦show more content†¦As head of the â€Å"family business,† Kamprad, like many fathers, leads by example. As Kamprad says: â€Å" ‘If there is such a thing as good leadership, it is to give a good example’ and ‘I have to do so for all the IKEA employees.’ † Kamprad firmly believes that the best example he can provide for his employees is to work hard and adhere to strict business ethics. Another characteristic of Kamprad’s leadership approach is a willingness to admit his mistakes and own up to his weaknesses. Even with his long career and extraordinary success with IKEA, Kamprad had his share of challenges. â€Å"As IKEA grew, so did Kamprad’s problems alcoholism, allegations of a Nazi past, deaths at a store opening but nothing deflected him.† Kamprad describes â€Å"his association with the ‘new Swedish’ wartime pro-Nazi party [as] ‘the greatest mistake of my life.’ † The manner in which Kamprad dealt with the revelation of his involvement with the Swedish pro-Nazi party helped people to â€Å"fully accept him as a leader. By showing human weaknesses rather than only strengths, his employees and the general public could relate to him and learn from his behavior. The episode also [shows] that Ingvar Kamprad is a leader who really impacts the people around him in an inspirational andShow MoreRelatedCri tical Analysis : Critical Thinking1245 Words   |  5 PagesCritical analysis is an art of analyzing and evaluating thinking with a view of improving it. In a broader sense, critical analysis is a process in which a person considers and evaluate the claims made by the theorists, experts, official bodies, journalists, etc., and then try to understand whether the basis of those claims are sound, applicable or relevant to the situation (Gould, 2011). In fact, critical thinking skills are essential to make better informed and more balanced decisions. Also, itRead MoreCritical Analysis On Critical Thinking Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesHitchens. What is critical thinking? What does it mean to think? 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It aims to explore audience response to political speeches, to investigate how politicians attempt to persuade people to follow a particular course of action, to link the notions of discourse and action to the cognitive dimensions of ideology and presuppositions, to further clarify various contextual factors, such as power configurations, to describeRead MoreHazard Analysis Of Critical Control Points ( Haccp ) And Risk Analysis984 Words   |  4 Pagesof Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), Good Hygienic Practices (GHPs), Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP) and risk analysis are some important preventive highlighted by the literature(FAO, 2003; Kà ¤ferstein et al., 1997). 1. Good Manufacturing Practices(GMP) and Good Hygienic Practices(GHP) GMP refer to practices required in order to conform to the guidelines recommended by agencies that control authorization and licensing for manufacture and sale of food and food products. It relates

Complex Patients Case 2 Si Dysfunction And Lbp - 5175 Words

Complex Patients Case 2 – SI Dysfunction and LBP Further Research David Bellisario, Konrad Koczwara, Erin Lee, Crystal Liang, Mary Richardson, Dimitri Simeakis and Andy Wayda Postpartum Depression Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and serious illness that affects 14% of women post childbirth.1 PPD is thought to evolve from neuroendocrine changes, such as pregnancy stress and personality predisposition.2 Women with PPD are likely to report symptoms that affect their physical functionality such as tiredness, headache, musculoskeletal problems, mastitis, perineal pain and dysuria.3 These symptoms make them prime candidates for Physical Therapy. There are also many psychosocial issues that coincide with PPD that can negatively impact†¦show more content†¦Recent literature has shown that Physical Therapy may be utilized in a group exercise program to assist in the management of PPD through a mixture of social support and the effects of exercise.2 C-Sections The Pfannenstiel incision is most typically used for cesarean dissection. This is a transverse incision typically carried out two fingers width above the pubic symphysis. The incision is made through the subcutaneous fat, then through the underlying fascia.6 The fascia is then separated from the abdominal muscle bellies, and the abdominal muscles are separated by finger dissection or sharp dissection if necessary.6 The periosteum is then opened with either finger or sharp dissection, and the intraperitoneal cavity is revealed.6 Operations that allow for finger dissection tend to have better outcomes than operations that use sharp dissection of muscle bellies and connective tissue. In the end, surgeons will separate all four layers of the abdominal muscles at the linea alba.6 The separation of abdominal muscles is likely to cause inhibition of the muscles immediately after surgery. Without proper rehabilitation, this inhibition may last for a prolonged period of time. There seems to be a strong association between abdominal musculature and pelvic floor musculature (PFM) in the ability to maintain urinary continence.7 While it is common for physiotherapists to train patients to activate

Capital Maintenance and Solvency Process

Question: Discuss about the Capital Maintenance and Solvency Process. Answer: Introduiction: Beneath the Corporations Act 2001, a no-liability organization in Australia has its declared objective that it is individually aminingorganization and that is not designated to call on the unindemnified issue value of shares. It is organization, which is limited to mining actions and is the only kind of company, which is permitted to this type of responsibility, provided at times monetarily uncertain business of mining. Majority of normal regulations in Act apply to no-liability organizations, accumulate that a mining organization should endorse a structure,which declare their objective as mining. No-liability organizations should not be puzzled with the approach of restricted responsibility. Section 117 and 112 is in corporate law of Australia, which is used for registering a company. Section 112, states that organization should have share capital, objective should be stated by organizations constitution, should not engage in any other purpose. Section 117, states that name, address should be registered, opening-closing hours should be registered, etc. Maintenance of Capital Doctrine The doctrine of retaining and sustaining the lawful capital collected by an organization is extended and long-standing convention in a corporation law. In the case of Trevor v Whitworth it was first endorsed, for the safety of creditors beside the additional risk of strategic conduct of organization directors, which was lead about by the approach of restricted legal responsibility. The principle cause behind engagement of organization in business actions is to attain benefits. On the other hand, majority of these business entities get their finance by the medium of creditors or shareholders not from the running business of theirs. In regard of this, it consequently becomes necessary that effectiveness and safety of capital should be determined prior to creditors might risk spending in any organization. In a way of determining investors, several Acts and regulations were declared and capital maintenance is one of them. In spite of that, business dealings have constantly undergone expansion thus analyzing the security beard by the circumstances of capital maintenance doctrine inadequate to accommodate current requirements. However, the Company Act 2006 purpose was to update the doctrine and it remains inadequate in its aim. Few administrations like, UK, Australia and Singapore have transformed their capital maintenance regulations in current years, each with few deviations to fit in their peculiar situation. In the belated 19th century from its prime time, the maintenance of capital doctrine has developed significant agitation in corporate law. The success of this doctrine in attaining defensive objectives has been challenged. Consequently, corporate law regulations concerning capital related judgments have been reconstituted increasingly. Australian legislators have moved away from the previous exorbitant strategies to corporate capital diversifications by taking upon such tests and tools. The Corporations Act 2001 use this more easy-going strategy needing that solvency, justice and revelation problems be fulfilled by directors prior to capital connected judgments are made. These judgments comprise the share capital devaluations, payment of dividends, share buy-backs, and the plan of monetary help to buy shares. Directors of organizations while making such judgments will be individually responsible. If, they make such a judgments in voliti on of duty forced upon them to stop the organization from trading while they are bankrupt where they have logical basis for speculating that the organization was bankrupt at the time that the capital linked judgments were made or would become bankrupt as a consequence of the judgments. This further moderate strategy has been enforced in several other administrations. The maintenance of capital doctrine is yet the part of Australian Corporation law as both are associated with the aspect of shares and gives safety to shareholders of organization. As per corporation law, organization is responsible to give dividend to their shareholder in percentage of quantity of shares and shareholders have power to observe financial flow in organization. In addition, maintenance of capital doctrine too gives safety to shareholders from fraud and makes accurate system for allocation of dividends to shareholders. Bibliography Austlii (2011) Corporations Act 2001- Sect 112. Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s112.html (Accessed: 20 January, 2017) Austlii (2011) Corporations Act 2001- Sect 117. Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s117.html (Accessed: 21 January, 2017) Castle Corporate (2017) No Liability Company. Available at: https://www.castlecorp.com.au/products/no-liability-companies/ (Accessed: 20 January, 2017) Dequest, J. (2013)Capital Maintenance and Solvency Requirements. Available at: https://www.deguest.asia/en/item/53-capital-maintenance-and-solvency-requirements (Accessed: 21 January 2017). Federal Register of legislation (2013)Corporation Act 2001. Available:https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00003(Accessed: 21 January 2017). Hannigan, B. (2012)The doctrine of capital maintenance. Available at:https://www.oxfordlawtrove.com/view/10.1093/he/9780199608027.001.0001/he-9780199608027-chapter-20(Accessed: 218 January 2017). Law Trove (2017) The doctrine of capital maintenance. Available at: https://www.oxfordlawtrove.com/view/10.1093/he/9780199608027.001.0001/he-9780199608027-chapter-20 (Accessed: 21 January, 2017)

Life of Muhammad free essay sample

Biography of Muhammad O Children of Israel! Surely, I am the messenger of Allah to you, verifying that which is before me of the Torah and giving the good news of a Messenger who will come after me whose name will be Ahmed (Quran, 61:6). This was the prophetic announcement of the coming of the Prophet Muhammad by Jesus Christ. Muhammad was able achieve this status as a prominent leader through his ability to unify the Arab nation while in political power and also as a religious leader, led the nation of Islam to the knowledge of the one true God. Muhammad sallallahu Aalayhi a salam was one of the most prominent leaders in the Islamic nation, not only in a religious aspect but also on a secular one. The Prophet Muhammad was born on August 29, 570 C. E. at Mecca. His birthplace is now designated as the origin of the Islamic religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of Muhammad or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Muhammad spent his childhood in an orphanage after the death of his father (Kikim). On the return from a pilgrimage to Medina, Muhammads mother died when he was only six years old. He was then raised by his grandfather Abd al Muttalib. At the age of eight, his grandfather was killed by Muhammads own uncle Abu Talib (Kikim). Muhammad had a very turbulent childhood characterized by living in various homes, which made him the person he became in his later years. During Muhammads adolescent years, there were no laws or order in Arabia. The Arab nation was divided into many different tribes; most people were shepherds and still rooted in old traditions and customs. The predominant religion was the ancient Arab religion, which still consisted of some odd customs and traditions such as animistic practices, female infanticide (the killing of infant girls), and also the worship of undreds of idols (Fiero, 229). Muhammad had 6 children: four girls and two boys. His first son died in childbirth. Muhammad was not thrilled with lifestyle of the Arabians and set out to implement change in the society. This was the mark of his Messianic career. At the age of 25 he married a widow known as Khadija. Khadija, who was a rich widow, proposed marriage to Muhammad and Muhammad accepted the proposal (Fiero, 229). At this point in time Khadija was 40 years old and had been widowed twice. Afterwards he set forth to unite the different Arab tribes and the lasses as an independent nation. In order to achieve this, he spent years on the peak of Mount Hira. At this point Muhammad went through the difficulty of letting go of an old religion, and experienced excitement of discovering a new one in Islam. The Angel Gabriel descended to Muhammad during his meditation and requested of him to recite after him. Read in the name of your Lord who created -created man from a clot. Read: for your Lord is Most Bountiful, who teaches by the pen, teaches man that which he knew not. (Quran 96:1-5). Due to Muhammad being illiterate he was not ble to repeat Gabriel and out of fear and discomfort fled from the angel. During his first interaction with Gabriel, Muhammad was instructed to preach the true religion to the world, and to spread it across the world by writing it down. This writing later became known as the Koran. On his mission to convert the world, the first convert to the new religion was his own wife Khadijah. She accepted the revelation that Muhammad received from Gabriel as the truth and then converted to Islam. Through the hardship that Muhammad endured during his mission, Khadijah supported At the age of sixty-five during Ramadan in 620 CE, she died (ushistory, 41). As Muhammad turned 40 he began to accept that the one true God had chosen him to spread the true faith and over the course of three years Muhammad preached to his closest friends and associates. Then, about 613CE, he began preaching in public. As he began to gain followers, he was considered a nuisance to society, and in 622 C. E, Muhammad fled to Medina in fear of his own safety. While in Medina he was offered a place in political power. This marked the turning point of Muhammads life. People egan to convert to this new religion (ushistory, 41). Muhammad had become the most powerful leader in Arabia. Many tribes began to destroy the idols in Kabah (place of worship) and they began to declare Islam as the true religion. As different tribes Joined Islam, Muhammad sent teachers to go and teach the various tribes about the new religion. Many others wanted to hear from The Prophet himself so they traveled to Medina (Kikim). When the yearly pilgrimage to Mecca came around and people heard that The Prophet would be going to Mecca; they all went to Medina to meet him there. From there, the Prophet led all of the pilgrims in a prayer, and after the prayer, they headed to Mecca following him. This was the first time that pilgrims following Muhammad were all worshipping Allah, The One True God. Throughout the pilgrimage to Mecca, the pilgrims said a prayer taught to them by The Prophet. As they got to Mecca and went towards Mount Mercy, The Prophet led the people in prayer and spoke to them for the last time. In 632 C. E, Muhammad became very ill and could not go to the mosque and pray with the followers that had gathered, but he overheard them praying with passion. This made him happy, and after looking at the people, he laid down in agony and died. (Fiero, 233) Even after his death, Muhammad was held on high esteem due to the fact that he was not only able to start a new religion but also able to unite the Arab nation. He was able to uphold this prominent status as a great leader due to his virtue. Some of Muhammads virtues were that throughout his life he never practiced idol worshipping, committed adultery, drank alcohol or told a lie. The people of Mecca fully trusted Muhammad because of his trustworthiness and truthfulness. Even when he migrated back to Medina from Mecca, he left his cousin behind to give back the belongings of all the pilgrims. Muhammad lived a simple life without any unneeded things. He was very forgiving and never struck anyone. Because of these virtues, Muhammad was known as one of the most influential leaders of all time. All great leaders share similarities, such as how Muhammad is similar to Jesus. They established the worlds two largest religions. Christianity stands at about 2. 1 billion followers, while Islam comes in a close second with 1. 8 billion followers. odresources) They both showed similarities between their teachings, monotheism, the belief that there was only one true God who was is all knowing and all powerful. They also believed in the Old Testament as the word of God and that Abraham was the one through whom God will make a great nation. Neither Jesus nor Muhammad wrote books, but any known information about them were written by their followers. In the aspect of worldwide influence, Muhammad unified Arab people under Islam. Muslim Scholars contributed to literature, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and hemistry. Jesus Christ impacted the western world through his teaching of the love God nas towards us, ne taug nt the world to love each other as the love us; (godresources) (democracy). His teaching are the foundation of many hospitals and charities (godresources). Muhammad was one of the most influential people who ever walked the earth, He influenced the world with his ability to unite a once divided nation and bring them under one rule, and also the formation one of the most worldwide spread religion known today as the Islam.

Catch 22 essays

Catch 22 essays Soldiers serving during World War II faced hard times while fighting for their country. They were separated from their families and the traditional lives that they knew, and were suddenly thrown into a life of hardships and absurdities. As a result, they became alienated from the rest of the world and began to look at their lives in a pessimistic view. Heller portrays this separation from the traditional views through characters like Yossarian, Major Major, and the Chaplain throughout Catch 22. These characters play a major part in the story line as well as the themes presented in the novel such as absurdity of the war. Absurdity is used throughout the book and can be viewed as the illogical and pointless actions of the troops in combat and the officers controlling them. The absurdities that the characters had to face changed their views from positive to depressing feelings and alienated them from everyone else who was oblivious to the war. Specifically, Heller uses the alienation of Yossarian, Major Major, and the Chaplain to bring forth the issues of absurdity and hopelessness in World War II. Heller uses the actions and thoughts of Yossarian to convey his existentialistic message of war and the uselessness of the men fighting war. The only thing going on was a war, and no one seemed to notice but Yossarian ... and when Yossarian tried to remind people, they drew away from him and thought he was crazy (25). Yossarian is alienated from the rest of the soldiers because he actually recognizes that there is a war going on and he fears for his life. None of the other soldiers seem to care about their lives or what could happen to them by flying the missions. They just assume Yossarian is crazy for having such thoughts. One situation that Yossarian takes a stand on is when his superior Colonel Cathcart, repeatedly raises the number of missions that are required to go home. All the other pilots do not seem to mind having to ...

Choice of Accounting as a Career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Choice of Accounting as a Career - Essay Example This essay declares that the role of accountants in the industries have changed significantly but the previous researches reveal that information about the same have not reached young career aspirants whereby the old perceptions about accounting profession as a non-innovative, non-technical and boring profession still prevails. These researches further add that while lucrative pay packets & job security have led to more aspirants choosing accounting majors, the gap in communication about the duties & responsibilities about accounting profession may lead to major surprises by students in the industry thus resulting in risks of drop outs & change of profession. This paper makes a conclusion that tThe modern industry requires large number of good quality accountants and the supply is still alarmingly inadequate. In this context, a short survey has been carried out to assess the level of awareness about accounting profession among young career aspirants and the factors that motivate them to choose accounting as their career. It was observed that unlike the outcome of some researches carried out in the early years of this millennium, the awareness about accounting profession among students is very high given that at very early stage of their education they are very clear about choosing accounting as their profession and also about the professional qualification that they aspire to achieve to nurture their respective careers in accounting.

Criminology Case Study - Mass Murder Research Paper

Criminology Case Study - Mass Murder - Research Paper Example This time of murders mostly occur in single locations where victims are killed by the murderer. The aim of this paper will be explaining the crime of mass murder and its relationship with the above three theories. A case in point will be on a mass murder of an individual who shot dead 12 movie goers in a movie theatre in Denver. James E.Holmes is accused of acting alone in the incident. According to Burke (2009), a mass murder can be committed by an individual or by organizations. This type of mass shootings has in recent times increased in number and magnitude. Shootings are occurring in schools and other social places in alarming frequency. Innocent children and adults have lost their lives due to indiscriminate mass shootings. After carrying out investigations, the FBI concluded that Holmes was acting alone. Crimes have a background and objectivity to occurrence (Carole et al, 2010) and this paper will try understanding the crime of mass murders from this perspective. The Crime Th e suspect, Holmesis accuse of indiscriminately shooting 12 victims dead and seriously injuring 58 others in a movie theatre in Denver Colorado. Holmes legally bought guns and ammunition in the Denver area and proceeded to a movie theatre that was screening a movie by the title â€Å"The Dark Knight Rises†. ... According to the law, Holmes faces charges of mass murder among other charges and accordingly faces a life sentence in jail if found guilty. Hagan (2010) explains that crimes are committed by criminals and therefore Holmes could be inadvertently a serialized criminal even though his criminal past only consisted of a single traffic summon.According to Fox & Levin (2012), over 90% Americans of Americans advocate for background checks on individual who purchase arms as a way of controlling who owns arms.Crimes of this nature have and still continue to occur. Mass murders are becoming a common scenario in the everyday life of American Citizens. There has been a gradual increase in use of lethal force during these incidents. The reason behind an individual taking up arms and killing fellow humans according to Brent &Kraska (2013) can be attributed to personality as well social structures around the individual among other factors. In light of these factors, the three theories shed light on the reason behind this crime of mass shootings. Rational Theory Starting with the rational theory that seeks to explain the reason why individuals behave the way they do, especially so for criminal related behaviors. According to (Hagan, 2010), blame is directed toward personal choice as the reason behind crime. An individual like Holmes might have carried out the mass shootings in the movie theatre out of personal choice. The authorities determined that Holmes was working alone and therefore there could be incidents of persuasion on him. Welsh (2008)states that human beings are rational and thus individuals choose behavior, criminal on otherwise, based purely on rationality. The basis of this rational behavior is an analysis on cost versus benefit of choice.

Financial Independence and the Single Woman Essay Example for Free

Financial Independence and the Single Woman Essay Most, if not all of Jane Austen’s renowned novels feature the trials and tribulations of single women—from Pride and Prejudice, to Sense and Sensibility, to Emma. The focus is specifically on the concept of marriage as the only viable choice for a single woman, if she wished to live substantially in her later years. However, while the subject of being wed to a suitable gentleman is present in Emma, the main character possesses a quality different from those in the other stories mentioned—Emma Woodhouse is financially stable. Therefore, this discussion of Austen’s Emma will be done through a different angle, which runs contrary to the author’s quote above. Matrimony in Emma is thoroughly explored and its nature as a solution for an unmarried woman’s future, yet it apparently does not apply to the story’s protagonist. Further arguments will expose the same logic as it is perceived today—after all, Austen wrote most of her work during the mid- to late 19th century. II. Emma Woodhouse and Matchmaking The penchant of the title character for matching her women friends with possible grooms composes the running narrative of the story. Because of a previous success, Emma decides to do the same for her friend Harriet Smith, an innocent but socially-inept young woman. Emma pours all of her efforts in setting Harriet up with the pompous Mr. Elton, and cut all possibilities of Harriet’s consideration of a marriage proposal she had received from Mr. Martin, a young farmer. Eventually, after many plot twists and turns and appearances of more characters, her plans backfire as the arrogant Elton reveals his true desire for Emma, and not for Harriet. Harriet happily ends up with Martin, and Emma admits to her own affections for her longtime friend Mr. Knightley. It is obvious that Emma’s obsession with matchmaking does not cover merely attraction; she chose Mr. Elton for Harriet mainly because of his financial stability, being the local vicar. Compared to the income of a regular farmer, a vicar would ensure a better life for Harriet. Clearly, the era’s societal norms and economic potential for women are at play, for woman were generally not entitled to many occupational choices; the most common would be as a family teacher or governess, both which are not financially rewarding. But the biggest bane of women then was the possibility of being single until they reach an age unacceptable for marriage—which would be around the mid-20s. For Emma, born into a wealthy family and allowed to make her own decisions, the best way to make sure her less fortunate women friends would have good lives ahead would be to marry a rich man. This is not explicitly implied in the story, as Emma’s designs were disguised as just a bored, rich girl’s newest hobby. However, in analyzing her own conditions as well as her initial rejection of the poor Mr. Martin for Harriet, it is obvious that she subscribes to the concept of marriage being the only solution for women other than herself.

Problems in Australian Society :: australia

Australia: Still the Lucky Country? Fire, flood, drought & cyclones. These are just some of the natural disasters that the so called, Lucky Country, Australia endures every year. And, with 5% of Australia’s population living overseas, we are beginning to question if Australia really is ‘the lucky country’. IT’S true, that Australians are luckier than people from most other countries in the world, but are we really living in THE lucky country? Is there even really a lucky country at all? Once a dumping ground for criminals and never-do-goods during World War II. Australia became a home for almost seven million immigrants, many of them British people who sought a new start over in a sunny country with a hopeful future. Australia was once a dumping ground for criminals and never-do-goods during World War II. Now, Australia’s luck may have run out. Australia has had many different sorts of problems throughout the recent years, as: Twenty years ago, the regular Australian employee was too busy to worry about the happenings of parliament. Numerous people waited until Bob Hawke became Prime Minister, after only two years in parliament. The politically naive voted for this â€Å"regular bloke† who understood â€Å"real Australians† and he spoke like one to. His â€Å"fair dinkum† accent was his greatest asset. As soon as he became Prime Minister; this courageous, fair minded, man for the nation’s citizens turned into a wimpy, deceitful man, who had lost touch with his fellow Australians and walked the same direction as his forerunners. The Howard government was not much improved; it improved the economy, but had a terrible record on human rights issues. It’s only actual triumph had been to restructure the indirect tax system and to boost the reserve bank’s independence. Then there are natural disasters; over the years, Australia has experienced more than enough natural disasters. Drought is without doubt one of the most complex troubles that Australia must deal with. Due to the fact that Australia has an enormous area of desert, and very low annual rainfall, the country is very dry. Fire is another problem within Australia. They are among the natural disasters that cause the greatest loss of both humans and material. The fires break out for many different reasons, but one of the main causes is the dry air, that throughout summer, blows from the deserts to the coast. Another cause is during droughts, there is a lot of dry land, the heat from the sun can cause fires.

Okonkwo “Falls Apart”: The Tragic Hero Essay

Psychology teaches us that we retain information presented to us in an emotional and  compelling manner.   Facts and figures may speak to the mind, but stories speak to the  heart—.the heart of individuals and the heart of humanity as a whole.   Why have books and  authors endured for centuries, outlasting nearly every other form of entertainment? Books are  the faithful guardians of humanity’s timeless bonds, and in their words and their images resonate  core human principles.   For this reason, novels are among humanity’s most powerful history  books.   Emotions are, after all, what make us human.   Who better to speak to these unstop-  pable forces than tragic dramatists, who capture the universality of human emotions in their  timeless â€Å"life-in-capsules†:   .their stories.   Classic masters like Sophocles and Shakespeare may  have introduced us to the tragic hero, but contemporary storytellers have transcended race,  regions, and centuries   to gift modern society with its own tortured messengers. In Chinua  Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, the struggle between the late nineteenth century Igbo people of  Nigeria and the white colonialists who sought the tribes’ conversion to Christianity are docu-  mented.   However, it is the rise and fall of one great Igbo warrior, Okonkwo, that truly drives  this modern tragedy†¦. and demonstrates how a â€Å"tragic   hero† is often anything but â€Å"heroic.† Much like Shakespearean tragic hero Macbeth and many others, Okonkwo is a multidimensional blend of light (good) and dark (evil).   The clan leader is admirable in his self-made status (a unique fulfillment of the tragic hero’s usual noble nature) and his determination to create a better future by shunning his father’s questionable actions. Achebe presents Okonkwo and his tribesmen as a people who value thought and artistry:   â€Å"Among the Igbo the art of conversation is regarded very highly, and proverbs are the palm-oil with which words are eaten† (12).  Ã‚   During the era of imperialism and romanticism, many dismissed indigenous Africans as the â€Å"noble savage†Ã¢â‚¬â€beings high in morality but low in intelligence.   Achebe’s tale challenges both of these assumptions.   Achebe peppers his tale with Igbo language and words, to illustrate the vital role which communication played in the Igbo community and culture.   Such a representation is a far cry from the dull-witted and language-less â€Å"savage† of popular lore. Despite these positives, the reader may be left with an uncomfortable feeling—and even an active dislike—of the novel’s protagonist.   He beats his wife (although he is punished for it); he constantly berates his son for not being masculine enough; he wishes his daughter (although he adores her character and strength) was a son; he rarely shows emotion (because he perceives feeling as weakness)—and that very fear leads him to remorselessly participate in the premeditated murder of his favored surrogate son Ikemefuna. Two of the aforementioned events are particularly crucial in Okonkwo’s path of development, demonstrating the cruel interaction of fate and choice that guides the tragic hero.   During his formative years, Okondwo firmly captains his own destiny by building himself up as a respected and well-regarded warrior and provider, although these actions are fueled by the disrepute of his dishonest father, a background over which Okonkwo has no control. This secret shame is the first mark of the warrior’s spiritual wounding (parental issues similarly drive other celebrated tragic heroes such as Hamlet and Oedipus).   Spiritual hurt instills Okonkwo with a tragic flaw that damages his decision-making process.   And, as with all tragic heroes, the crossroads (the point of decision) is everything.   When the warrior is faced with a choice regarding how to handle his wife’s presumed negligence, his pride leads him to one brutal conclusion:   a beating.   The action shatters a sacred time for Okonkwo’s tribe, and, more importantly, fractures their trust in an important leader. As a result, the warrior has only wounded himself more, a fact for which he repents but does not yet truly recognize.Only Okonkwo’s second crossroads will irrevocably alter the story, and the man himself.   After all, how could a man look into the eyes of a child whom he has sheltered, mentored, and admired—a child, with no blood ties, who is still no less a â€Å"son† to his â€Å"father†Ã¢â‚¬â€how could such a man look into the past and future and allow his pride to deal that child a fatal blow? How could a piece of that man—of his soul—not die with his child?   For Okonkwo, the answer is clear, and his tragic recognition of the consequences of this action (his moment of truth) sets the ensuing chain of events on its inevitable—and unavoidable—course.   The warrior has further severed the tenuous connection with his family; more death befalls his family; the â€Å"fates† punish him with a tragic accident, which leads to his exile; and he must watch passively as his people are swindled by questionable outsiders. Yet the repeated emotional pummelings have reawakened within the warrior two important virtues:   honor and courage.   Through his revolution of one (his final choice, his final act of defiance), Okonkwo both finds himself and, ultimately, loses himself forever.     In some regards, Okondwo’s self-murder is the murder of humanity’s hope: The fall of the Igbo people—and their once mighty warrior—represents a slower,   more devastating form of humiliation and subtle slavery.   Two passages in particular speak to the colonialist impact:   â€Å"And at last the locusts did descend. They settled on every tree and on every blade of grass; they settled on the roofs and covered the bare ground† (71); â€Å"He came quietly and peaceably with his religion. We were amused at his foolishness and allowed him to stay. Now he has won our brothers, and our clan can no longer act like one. He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart† (164).   The first passage indicates how suddenly these indigenous peoples found themselves in the midst of colonialists (like the locusts), while the second passage laments how easily the outsiders were able to turn loyal tribesmen against one another. In the story, the tribesmen were at first seduced by the kindly ways of Mr. Brown (who respects the tribesmen yet lures away the tribe ‘outsiders’ first), but then they fall victim to the much more aggressive Reverend Smith.   Once under Smith’s leadership, the tribe converts’ actions become much more disreputable and disloyal (such as when Enoch unmasks the egwogwu), and the leaders of the tribe eventually lose their will to fight the colonialists, leading to Okonkwo’s suicide.   But it is perhaps the final lines of the book which most symbolize the â€Å"falling apart† of this once proud people: â€Å"He had already chosen the title of the book, after much thought: The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger† (224). The tribe is reduced to some white man’s conquest, while the very symbol of that tribe’s former strength, Okonkwo, becomes â€Å"a paragraph or two†Ã¢â‚¬â€a mere footnote in colonialist history.     In this sense, Okonkwo’s suffering (like many tragic heroes) is instilled with greater meaning because he serves as a symbol—a symbol of his culture’s greatness and its inevitable, tragic demise. Two words best summarize the complex creation of Okonkwo:   tragic hero.   Within this man is a piece of every individual, past and present.   The audience relates so well because they see themselves in Okonkwo’s shortcomings, flaws, and basically imperfect human nature.   In watching this memorable character’s own struggles against the   Ã‚  insurmountable, generations of audiences have found an outlet for their own hopes and fears.

The Genetic Mutation Fragile X Syndrome Essay - 960 Words

The genetic mutation Fragile X syndrome occurs on a segment of human DNA. Because the disease was first studied in 1943 by British physician James Purdon Martin and British human geneticist named Julia Bell, Fragile X is also referred to as Martin-Bell syndrome. Though it was not until 1969 that scientist Herbert Lubs discovered what exactly causes Fragile X syndrome. He explained that those who obtain the mutation will possess an X chromosome with an unusual gap. The gap located on the chromosome is called a ‘fragile site,’ which is where the name originates from. Fragile X is genetically passed down to offspring, so researchers are striving to improve the symptoms in hopes that they can create a better future for the victims. Genetic mutations are permanent changes in a DNA sequences that makes up a gene. The majority of disease-causing gene mutations are unusual in the overall population. The two major classifications of gene mutations are hereditary and somati c mutations. Hereditary mutations are immediately inherited from a parent and exist throughout a person’s life. If the DNA from the sperm or egg cell contains a mutation, the resulting fertilized egg will also inherited the mutation. Somatic mutations occur by either environmental factors or when an error appears during DNA replication. Unlike hereditary mutations, a somatic mutation will not be present in every cell. Mutations typically have a negative connotation; however, they are not always harmful,Show MoreRelatedThe Genetic Mutation Fragile X Syndrome Essay922 Words   |  4 PagesThe genetic mutation Fragile X syndrome is the most commonly inherited form of intellectual disability. Because the disease was first studied in 1943 by British physician James Purdon Martin and British human geneticist named Julia Bell, Fragile X is also referred to as Martin-Bell syndrome. Though it was not until 1969 that scientist Herbert Lubs discovered what exactly causes Fragile X syndrome. He explained that those who obtain the mutation will possess an X chromosome with an unusual gapRead More The Neurobiology of Mental Retardation: Fragile X Syndrome Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesRetardation: Fragile X Syndrome In my previous paper, I wrote on the topic of the nature-nurture debate and the ways it related to the brain-equals-behavior dilemma. In this paper, I will continue this investigation into the link between genes and neurobiology, but I will focus in on a particular aspect of the relationship: neurological disease caused by genetic aberration. There are many well studied and well documented (thought not necessarily well understood) disorders associated with the X chromosomeRead MoreGenetic Disorders and Down Syndrome Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesA genetic disorder is a disease that is caused by an abnormality in an individuals DNA. Abnormalities can range from a small mutation in a single gene to the addition or subtraction of an entire chromosome or set of chromosomes† (Letsou). Most individuals are either related to or know someone who is effected by some type of disability. Many of these disabilities are caused by genetic disorders. Genetic disorders may alter physical appe arance and cause mild to severe mental retardation. Fragile XRead MoreEssay on Fragile X Syndrome1374 Words   |  6 Pagesmental impairment is Fragile X Syndrome. Fragile X Syndrome is a mental retardation that affects social, learning and intellectual disabilities. It is a result of a change and mutation in a single gene, which can be pasted on to future generations. Symptoms arise when the mutated gene, FMR1, cannot produce enough of the protein, FMRP, that the body’s cells need to function. The symptoms can vary from each affected individual depending on how severe the gene mutation is. Fragile X causes symptoms suchRead MoreWomen s Illness History And Family History Essay2159 Words   |  9 Pages PBL 2- FRAGILE X SYNDROME FUNMED PBL WRITE UP ROSHAN RAYMOND INTRODUCTION Fragile X is said to be â€Å"the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability†(CDC, 2016) and generally is more prevalent in men than it is in women. This paper will look at the genetic inheritance of Fragile X syndrome but also some general information regarding the genetic disorder. It will also include the methods by which genetic diseases are diagnosed and how genetic counselling is used to aid patientsRead More The Etiology of Autism Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesThe Etiology of Autism Autism is a syndrome that is characterized by the impairment of social interaction skills, verbal and nonverbal communication, and a decreased interest in participating in a variety of activities. In 1943, Kanner, the man who is attributed with the identification of this disease, hypothesized that autism might be a biological disorder as opposed to a psychological one. Numerous studies have been conducted supporting Kanner’s hypothesis. These studies have ranged from examiningRead MoreVariations and Characteristics of Mental Retardation Essay example1100 Words   |  5 Pagesin intellectual functioning and behaviors in expressing conceptual, social and practical skills in approximately one to three percent of the United States (Sue, Sue, Stanley, 2010). Mental retardation is categorized by the DSM-IV-TR as being a genetic disorder usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence, and is not considered to be a cognitive disorder. The following criteria is requi red for diagnosis of mental retardation under the DSM-IV-TR, Intellectual functioning under theRead MoreGender Theory1544 Words   |  7 Pagesbrain theory, which is supported by research on fetal testosterone, X-chromosomes, Y-chromosomes, and the female protective effect; and the biased diagnostic criteria theory, which is also supported by many research studies that explore phenotypic differences in the symptoms of boys and girls with ASD. Ultimately, the gender disparity is best explained by a merging of these two theories, in a model that shows that there are genetic differences that lead males to be more likely to develop ASD, in additionRead MoreEpilepsy And Autistic Spectrum Disorders794 Words   |  4 Pages Epilepsy and Autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) are both genetic disorders stemming from multiple possible origins. Both disorders share multiple similarities, including cell growth, synapse development and function, and regulation of gene transcription. An incorrect or non-functioning synaptic protein causes many mutations within genetics that predispose one to both ASD and epilepsy. In addition, a recent study found that epilepsy was diagnosed in some form in 44% of children with ASD. ConverselyRead MoreWhat Do We Know About Autism Spectrum Disorder?1390 Words   |  6 PagesRobinson Peete once stated, â€Å"I m not a doctor or scientist. I m just a mom. But I do think there s a genetic predisposition, and there are environmental triggers. I feel like that combination, in my child s case, is what resulted in autism.† Holly Robinson could have not said it in a better way. What is the cause of autism? Is autism solely caused by genetics or a combination of genetics and environmental influences? What does make up autism spectrum disorders? With so much research by professionals